翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ Gulf of Patience ・ Gulf of Patras ・ Gulf of Penas ・ Gulf of Piran ・ Gulf of Pozzuoli ・ Gulf of Riga ・ Gulf of Roses ・ Gulf of Saint Lawrence ・ Gulf of Saint-Malo ・ Gulf of Salerno ・ Gulf of Salwah ・ Gulf of Santa Catalina ・ Gulf of Saros ・ Gulf of Sidra ・ Gulf of Sidra incident ・ Gulf of Sidra incident (1981) ・ Gulf of Sidra incident (1989) ・ Gulf of Sidra offensive ・ Gulf of Squillace ・ Gulf of St. Lawrence Campaign (1758) ・ Gulf of St. Lawrence lowland forests ・ Gulf of Suez ・ Gulf of Suez Rift ・ Gulf of Tadjoura ・ Gulf of Taranto ・ Gulf of Tehuantepec ・ Gulf of Tendra ・ Gulf of Thailand ・ Gulf of the Farallones ・ Gulf of Tolo Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Gulf of Sidra incident (1981) ： ウィキペディア英語版 Gulf of Sidra incident (1981) In the first Gulf of Sidra incident, 19 August 1981, two Libyan Su-22 Fitter fired upon and were subsequently shot down by two American F-14 Tomcats off the Libyan coast. ==Background== In 1973, Libya claimed the Gulf of Sidra as a closed bay and part of its territorial waters.〔("Congressional Research Service Issue Brief for Congress: Libya" ). (2002, April 10). Foreign Press Centers, U.S. Department of State, Retrieved 20 January 2012.〕〔St John, Ronald Bruce. (2002). ''Libya and the United States: Two Centuries of Strife''. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 125. ISBN 0-8122-3672-6.〕〔Davis, Brian L. (1990). ''Qaddafi, Terrorism, and the Origins of the U.S. Attack on Libya''. Praeger Publishers. p. 14. ISBN 0-275-93302-4.〕 This prompted the United States to conduct Freedom of Navigation (FON) operations in the area since the claim did not meet the criteria established by international law.〔Stanik, Joseph T. (2003). ''El Dorado Canyon: Reagan’s Undeclared War with Qaddafi''. Naval Institute Press. p. 29. ISBN 978-1-55750-983-3.〕 Libya often confronted US forces in and near the gulf, and on two occasions its fighter jets opened fire on US reconnaissance flights off the Libyan coast; once in the spring of 1973〔〔Davis, Brian L. (1990). ''Qaddafi, Terrorism, and the Origins of the U.S. Attack on Libya''. Praeger Publishers. p. 47. ISBN 0-275-93302-4.〕〔Stanik, Joseph T. (2003). ''El Dorado Canyon: Reagan’s Undeclared War with Qaddafi''. Naval Institute Press. p. 27. ISBN 978-1-55750-983-3.〕〔Beecher, William. (1973, March 23). ("U.S. Asserts Plane Fled Libyan Jets: 'Eavesdropping' Transport Ignored Arabs' Signal to Land, Officials Say" ). The New York Times.〕〔Finney, John W. (1973, March 25). ("Trouble Again Over The 'Elint'" ). The New York Times.〕 and again in the fall of 1980.〔〔〔Martin, David C. and John Walcott. (1988). ''Best Laid Plans: The Inside Story of America’s War Against Terrorism''. Harper and Row, Publishers Inc. p. 68 ISBN 0-06-015877-8.〕〔Stanik, Joseph T. (2003). ''El Dorado Canyon: Reagan’s Undeclared War with Qaddafi''. Naval Institute Press. p. 30. ISBN 978-1-55750-983-3.〕 FON operations intensified when Ronald Reagan came to office. In August 1981, he authorized a large naval force led by a pair of aircraft carriers, and , to deploy to the disputed area.〔Stanik, Joseph T. (2003). ''El Dorado Canyon: Reagan’s Undeclared War with Qaddafi''. Naval Institute Press. p. 49. ISBN 978-1-55750-983-3.〕 The two carriers had embarked a total of four interceptor squadrons, VF-74 ''Be-Devilers'' and VMFA-115 ''Silver Eagles'', flying F-4 Phantoms from ''Forrestal'', and VF-41 ''Black Aces'' and VF-84 ''Jolly Rogers'', flying F-14 Tomcats from ''Nimitz''. The Libyan Air Force responded by deploying a high number of interceptors and fighter-bombers. Early on the morning of 18 August, when the US exercise began, at least three MiG-25 'Foxbats' approached the US carrier groups, but were escorted away by American interceptors. The Libyans tried to establish the exact location of the US naval force. Thirty-five pairs of MiG-23 'Floggers', MiG-25s, Sukhoi Su-20 'Fitter-Cs', Su-22M 'Fitter-Js' and Mirage F1s flew into the area, and were soon intercepted by seven pairs of F-14s and F-4s.〔Wilcox, Robert K. (1996). ''Wings of Fury: From Vietnam to the Gulf War – The Astonishing True Stories of America’s Elite Fighter Pilots''. Pocket Books. Pp 10. ISBN 0-671-74793-2.〕〔Stanik, Joseph T. (2003). ''El Dorado Canyon: Reagan’s Undeclared War with Qaddafi''. Naval Institute Press. p. 50. ISBN 978-1-55750-983-3.〕 US Naval Intelligence later assessed that a MiG-25 may have fired a missile from 18 miles away at US fighter aircraft that day.〔Wilcox, Robert K. (1996). ''Wings of Fury: From Vietnam to the Gulf War – The Astonishing True Stories of America’s Elite Fighter Pilots''. Pocket Books. pp. 10-11. ISBN 0-671-74793-2.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gulf of Sidra incident (1981)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.